This includes a no heat or pressure jdp sm desulfurization process, modular refineries and a hydrofuel refinery conversion system global advanced technologies sm, llc. Unfortunately crude oil is one of the biggest air pollutant source responsible for the emission of. Percentage sulphur removal from the diesel oil was plotted against different adsorbent concentration. Effect of adsorption concentration on desulphurization of diesel. The desulfurization efficiency for light oils lies in the order lgo clo lco. Comparative studies on the biodesulfurization of crude. Ism offers highamplitude ultrasonic processors to carry out.
The main current technology for the desulfurization of crude oil and. Expired lifetime application number us378439a inventor ishiko toshimasa. The purpose of removing the sulfur, and creating products such as ultra. Major portions of the crude oils are used as transportation fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. First, h 2 o 2 and hac were mixed at a certain ratio to prepare the peracetic acid, which was then put into the crude material.
Desulfurization of heavy oiloxidative desulfurization. Biodesulfurization of petroleum distillatescurrent status. The main physical properties of the diesel oil are shown in table i. This paper describes the progress in technology for desulfurization. Materials diesel oil was collected locally from one petrol station in sharjah uae. This work will focus on the adsorption desulfurization process of local diesel oil using activated carbon. Pdf crude oil is one of the most important types of fossil fuel in the world. Fee based refining of local crude oil fee tbd gat sm or with its jv partners will refine locally produced or sourced crude for a fixed fee covering cost and return on investment. Us3284345a process for desulfurization of crude oil or. Chemical engineering department, college of engineering, american university of sharjah, sharjah, uae. Desulfurization of saudi arabian crudes by oxidation. Desulphurization of crude oil has been investigated using three different methods. Studies on oxidative desulfurization of saudi crude oil were carried out through h 2 o 2 organic acids system, and the scontaining compounds in crude oil were changed to sulfoxide compounds that can be removed from oil phase by appropriate polar solvent. Bio desulfurization bds of lco using pantoea agglomerans d23w3 resulted in 61.
Index termscarbon black, environmental, sulfur, residual oil. Desulfurization is usually discussed in terms of sulfur removal from lighter refinery cuts, such as naphtha, distillate, and light vacuum gas oil fractions. Pdf desulfurization of alahdab crude oil using oxidative. Refiningdesulfurization global advanced technologies, llc. Process for sulfur reduction from high viscosity petroleum. This report is concerned with technology and costs for the desulfurization of petroleum stocks. Supercritical water scw desulfurization was investigated for both model sulfur compounds and arab heavy crude.
Deep desulfurization of hydrodesulfurized diesel oil by. Crude oil desulfurization sour crude is usually less competitive than lighter crude. Commercial oil water demulsifier of the following properties shown in table 2 was used. Biocatalytic desulfurization of thiophenic compounds and crude oil by newly isolated bacteria magdy elsaid mohamed, zakariya h.
The key to the success of this work is the development of selective chemistries to append fluorous tags to. Nowadays, in many countries there are methods to improve the quality of black gold by removing contaminants, including sulfur. New methods of direct desulphurization of crude oil. This is mainly due to the properties of the heavy oil, such as high sulfur content, high viscosity, high boiling point, and refractory nature of the sulfur compounds. Hydrodesulfurization hydrodesulfurization hds or hydrotreating is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur compounds from refined petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and fuel oils. The vacuum gas oil is hydrocracked to form at least one low sulfur fuel product. Desulfurization proceeds due to crude oil properties mainly high boiling range, high fluidity, high sulfur content and nat ure of sulfur content. Scw desulfurization has potential as a technique for removing sulfur from feedstocks such as heavy oil and bitumen. Desulfurization of crude oil and oil products by local. The chemical desulfurization effect is affected by many factors, and different types of desulfurizing agents should be selected according to the application conditions. Five milliliters of diesel oil was added to 45 ml of cell suspension at 8 g dry cell weight per liter for 24 h in a 300ml flask. Desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oil proceeded as follows. Desulfurization is the process of removing sulfur from crude oil or its fractions.
In part 1, the reactions of alkyl sulfides in scw were studied. Pdf two different oxidative desulfurization strategies based on oxidation adsorption or oxidationextraction were evaluated for the. The sulfur content and the american petroleum institute api gravity are two properties which have a great influence on the value of the crude oil. Desulfurization of crude oil is also a target for biodesulfurization, but few results have been published 7. It is envisaged that utilization of this process for desulfurization of residual oils will result in much reduced sox emissions, with accompanying environmental benefits. Sulfur removal from crude oil using supercritical water taylor. Vedakumar biotechnology, research and development center, saudi aramco, dhahran, saudi arabia edited by. Oxidative desulfurization of heavy oils with high sulfur. The heavy metals presents in diesel oil are shown in table ii. The removal of sulfur from oil is consequently one of the. Sulfur is the most abundant element in petroleum after carbon and hydrogen. Refining of crude oil to final products requires desulfurization of the oil. It was found that desulphurization effienciency was increases from 23. Oil refineries usually separate crude oil into several fractions and then desulfurize them separately.
Chevron lummus global, a joint venture between mcdermotts lummus technology and chevron u. Desulfurization of gas oil using a solar photocatalytic microreactor. Introduction the source of energy most used in the world is crude oil. Biocatalytic desulfurization of thiophenic compounds and. A crude oil desulfurization process comprising the following steps. In this article, a short overview of different desulfurization methods. Novel desulfurization process of heavy fuel oil using. As a result, oil refineries usually have an hds unit. Desulfurization removes elemental sulfur and its compounds from solids, liquids and gases. This research conveys a unique work in order to remove sulfur from heavy oil using surfactant as extracting materials. Comparative studies on the biodesulfurization of crude oil. The most important characteristics of crude oil that affect the market price are its sulfur content and gravity. Crude oil is the most widely used source of energy for the world, with 80% of the worlds transportation fuels demand being met by crude oil products behmiri and manso, 2014. Biological desulfurization, as a new type of crude oil desulfurization technology, is still in the research and development stage with broad prospects.
To comply with the increasingly severe restrictions on allowable sulfur content of the fuel oils for the prevention of sulfur oxides emission in major urban areas of the world, the petroleum refiner has three alternative courses of action. An evaluation of desulfurization technologies for sulfur removal from. The desulfurized crude oil is then separated into a light gas oil fraction, a vacuum gas oil fraction and a vacuum residuum fraction. Desulfurization of crude oil by fluorous extraction ellen m.
The desulfurization reactivity of actual light oils, such as straightrun light gas oil lgo, commercial light oil clo, and light cycle oil lco, of differing sulfur and aromatic concentrations, was studied using oxidant system h 2 othe 2 and acetic acid acoh. Sulfur in crude oil sulfur is the most abundant element in petroleum after carbon and hydrogen. Heavy oil from one local plant in sharjah uae was used with the properties shown in table 1. In addition, high sulfur levels in petroleum distillates can promote the.
Although the hydrodesulfurization of light and middle distillates such as gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil is also evaluated, the emphasis here is on sulfur removal from the resid ual fuel oil where there is a growing concern today because of air pollution. Microbial desulphurization of crude oil using aspergillus. Ob oil was provided as the sole source of sulfur in batch cultures, and the extent of desulfurization and the chemical fate of the residual sulfur in the oil after treatment were determined. Five milliliters of diesel oil was added to 45 ml of cell suspension at 8 g dry cell weight per liter for 24 h in a 300ml. Api gravity, sulfur content, and desulfurization of crude oil. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Vincenzo piemonte associate professor university campus biomedico of rome. Production and processing of sour crude and natural gas. Microbial desulfurization of a crude oil middledistillate.
In 2004 a submitted patent, application described oxidation of crude that oil was carried out by hydrogen peroxide in. Sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, process gas and natural gas liquids lng may take many forms, including hydrogen sulfide h 2 s, carbonyl sulfide cos, sulfur oxides sox and the whole family of mercaptans. Design parameters for a hydro desulfurization hds unit for petroleum naphtha at 3500 barrels per day. Oxidative desulfurization ods has been considered as a further new technology for deep desulfurization of light oil. The purpose of removing the sulfur, and creating products such as ultralowsulfur diesel. Introduction desulfurization is the process of removing sulfur from crude oil or its fractions. Essam eldin1 1scientific research deanship, biotechnology and genetic engineering unit, taif university, taif, saudi arabia 2department of microbiology, college of agriculture, cairo university, cairo, egypt corresponding author. Capital savings can be made if most of the sulfur is removed from the crude oil before it is fractionated. Desulfurization of heavy oiloxidative desulfurization ods. It prevents contamination and also improves the efficiency of petroleum. Moreover, the quality of crude oil and derived petroleum cuts is getting lower while fossil fuels are still in high demand. Desulfurization of crude oil and oil products by local isolated bacterial strains ahmad f. Ism offers highamplitude ultrasonic processors to carry out sonochemical.
This invention relates to a crude oil desulfurization process which comprises hydrodesulfurizing a crude oil feed in a crude desulfurization unit. Crude oil desulfurization is mainly to remove active sulfur. Many of the biocatalysts that can be applied to crude oil upgrading and desulfurization are watersoluble, and in an oil field operation, water is coproduced with the oil, so the process of water and oil separation is a routine field process. Inorganic sulfur, such as elemental sulfur, h2s and pyrite can be present in dissolved or suspended form agarwal and sharma 2010. Study on ultrasoundassisted oxidative desulfurization for. Desulfurization and demetalization of used engine oil in. Oxidative processes of desulfurization of liquid fuels. Design parameters for a hydro desulfurization hds unit for. Residue desulfurization is a highpressure catalytic hydrotreating process. Progress in the technology for desulfurization of crude oil. The most commonly required desulfurization process is in natural gas, but it is also required for flue gas, coal and oil. However, such crudes contain sulfur, typically in the. Pdf two different oxidative desulfurization strategies based on oxidationadsorption or oxidationextraction were evaluated for the. Oxidative desulfurization of heavy oil was studied using canadian cold lake bitumen 5% s, 1100 kgm3, with air as oxidant.
Bidholi via prem nagar, dehradun 248007, india email address. Sulfurcontaining compounds in crude oil, petroleum, diesel and other fuel oils include sulfides, thiols, thiophenes, substituted benzo and dibenzothiophenes bts and dbts, benzonaphthothiophene bnt, and many more complex molecules, in which the condensed thiophenes are the most common forms. An excess amount of 30 wt% h 2 o 2 and acetic acid was used to oxidize the sulfur compounds thoroughly. Apr 12, 2005 desulfurization of crude oil is also a target for biodesulfurization, but few results have been published. Gat sm, with its partners and affiliates, offer the most revolutionary and cost effective and efficient refinery technologies on the market. At the conditions investigated, namely, autoxidation at 145175 c followed by water washing, 4647% of the sulfur in the bitumen could be removed. Hydrodesulfurization hds is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur s from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
Design parameters for a hydro desulfurization hds unit. Desulphurization of diesel by coconut shell activated carbon. In this process, bacteria remove organosulfur from crude oil fractions without degrading the carbon skeleton of the organosulfur compounds. Few of these methods are viable andor efficient for the desulfurization of heavy oil. Major portions of the crude oils are used as transportation fuels such as diesel, gasoline and jet fuel. The oxidation of saudi arabian crudes was conducted in a glass flask with an electric stirrer. Novel desulfurization process of heavy fuel oil using surfactant. Under this arrangement, the clients will supply the crude oil while we do the refining and production of fuels. According to the international energy agency 70% of crude oil reserves and 40%. Introduction the composition of petroleum oil or crude oil is known to. H 2 s is the main sulfide that causes harm in the process of exploitation, storage, transportation and processing of crude oil.
Desulfurization of heavy crude oil by microwave irradiation. By the above treatment, the content of sulfur in the crude oil or heavy oil can be reduced by about 3050 wt. Hydrodesulfurization became increasingly important following the passing, in many countries, of new regulations regarding sulfur levels in oil products in order to cut down sulfur dioxide so 2 emissions. As the desulfurization ratio in the case of desulfurizing crude oil or heavy oil may be about 3080% in general and the desulfurization ratio obtained by the treatment of this invention is above 30%. Hielscher ultrasonic reactors assist the oxidative deep desulfurization. Low sulfur content of crude oil is particularly preferred. Petroleum includes crude oil, natural gas, and heavy oil. Research work is currently being undertaken around the world to bring about deeper desulfurization of crude oils. Decreasing the sulfur content of crude oil by ultra. Deep desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oils by a newly. Many petrochemical products are likewise produced to be almost sulfurfree. Ultrasonically assisted oxidative desulfurization uaods.
Microbial desulphurization of crude oil using aspergillus flavus. Adsorption process of sulfur removal from diesel oil using. Adsorption study of desulfurization of diesel oil using activated charcoal by noora naif darwish a thesis presented to the faculty of the american university of sharjah college of engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in chemical engineering sharjah, united arab emirates may, 2015. Desulfurization of heavy crude oil by microwave irradiation a. Biocatalytic desulfurization bds is often considered as a potential alternative to the conventional deep hydrodesulfurization processes used in refineries. Conversion rate of up to 74% was obtained for sulfur compounds 26. Deep desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oils by a. Fuel specifications that govern transportation fuels have over the years become increasingly stringent with respect to sulfur content.
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